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CHAPTER 3 CREATING AN APPLICATION S USER INTERFACE Global Floating Window A Global Floating Window, shown in Figure 3-8, looks like Floating Window. The only difference is in addition to being able to float in front of windows belonging to its own applications, a Global Floating Window can also float in front of other applications windows. Figure 3-8. The Global Floating Window, as shown on Linux Sheet Window The Sheet Window, which acts like a Modal Window, is a drop-down dialog you can add to a parent window. Sheet Windows are only supported on Mac OS X. Figure 3-9 shows a Document Window to which a Sheet Window had been associated. As you can see in Figure 3-10, the Sheet Window is designed to appear as if it drops down from the top portion of its parent window. Figure 3-9. A window to which a Sheet Window has been added, as shown on Mac OS X
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CHAPTER 3 CREATING AN APPLICATION S USER INTERFACE Shadowed Box Window The Shadowed Box Window, shown in Figure 3-6, operates exactly like a Modal Window. Like the Plain Box Window, the Shadowed Box Window is often used to create About windows. Unlike Shadowed Box Windows on Windows and Linux, which do not have title bars, the Mac OS X Shadowed Box Window has a title bar and includes a minimize button. Figure 3-6. The Shadowed Box Window, as shown on Windows Rounded Window The Rounded Window looks like the Document Window, as you see in Figure 3-7. One small difference is, on Mac OS X, the Rounded Window cannot be resized. The Rounded Window is considered obsolete and is seldom used because all its functionality is duplicated in the Document Window. Figure 3-7. The Rounded Window, as shown on Mac OS X
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CHAPTER 3 CREATING AN APPLICATION S USER INTERFACE Figure 3-4. The Floating Window, as shown in Linux Floating Windows can display a Close button. In addition, on Linux, a Floating Window can also have minimize and maximize buttons. Plain Box Window The Plain Box Window works just like a Modal Window. As Figure 3-5 shows, Plain Box Windows do not have title bars, not even on Linux. The Plain Box Window is sometimes used to hide the desktop (when it is maximized) or to create About dialogs found on Help menus. Figure 3-5. The Plain Box Window, as shown on Mac OS X
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CHAPTER 3 CREATING AN APPLICATION S USER INTERFACE Figure 3-2. The Movable Modal Window, as shown on Linux Modal Window The Modal Window, shown in Figure 3-3, is similar to the Movable Modal Window, except the user cannot move it. This type of window is used to force the user to respond to it before getting access to the rest of the application. Except when opened on Linux, the Modal Window does not have a title bar. On Linux, the Modal Window has minimize and close buttons. Figure 3-3. The Modal Window, as shown on Mac OS X Floating Window The Floating Window, as Figure 3-4 shows, floats on top of other windows and can be moved like Movable Modal Windows. However, Floating Windows do not prevent users from being able to access and work with other parts of the application. Floating Windows can even float on top of Modal and Movable Modal Windows.
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CHAPTER 3 CREATING AN APPLICATION S USER INTERFACE Each of these different types of windows is examined in the following sections. Except where noted, the functionality provided by each type of window is cross-platform. Document The Document Window, shown in Figure 3-1, is the default window that REALbasic automatically adds to every new REALbasic desktop application The Document Window is typically used in situations where you want a window to remain open until the user closes it. With the Document Window, the user can click other windows, pushing the Document Window to the background. Figure 3-1. The Document Window, as shown on Windows A Document Window can have a close box, as well as minimize and maximize buttons. On Windows and Linux, a Document Window has a menu bar by default. However, you have the option of removing the menu bar or substituting a different one. On Mac OS X, the Document Window has the standard set of red, yellow, and green (close, minimize, and maximize) buttons in its title bar. Movable Modal The Movable Modal Window, which Figure 3-2 shows, is used in situations where you want the window to remain in front of all the other windows in your application until the user closes it. Because this window is moveable, the user can reposition it, if necessary, to see information displayed in windows underneath it. On Windows and Linux, a Movable Modal Window can have minimize, maximize, and close buttons. On Max OS X, the Movable Modal Window does not have a close box, leaving it up to you to provide a button (or other means) for closing the window.
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CHAPTER 3 CREATING AN APPLICATION S USER INTERFACE Tip REALbasic provides you with all the building blocks you need to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that comply with design standards for Macintosh, Windows, and Linux applications. If you are interested in learning about design standards for the Macintosh, you can do so by reading Introduction to Apple Human Interface Guidelines at http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/ OSXHIGuidelines. And, you can learn about Windows GUI development standards by reading Microsoft s Official Guidelines for User Interface Developers and Designers at http://msdn.microsoft.com/ library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnwue/html/welcome.asp. You can also learn about Linux development standards by reading KDE User Interface Guidelines at http://developer.kde.org/ documentation/standards/kde/style/basics. You can add a new window to your application by clicking the Add Window button found on the Project Editor s toolbar or by clicking Project . Add . Windows. REALbasic responds by adding a new Document window to your project. To specify a different type of window, you change the window s Frame property to one of the following values: Document Movable Modal Floating Plain Box Shadowed Box Rounded Global Floating Sheet Metal Drawer Tip You can also add a new window to your application within the Project Editor by right-clicking (controlclicking on Macintosh), selecting Add (from the contextual menu that appears), and then selecting window.
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CHAPTER 3 Creating an Application s User Interface In Chapter 2, you learned the basics of working with REALbasic s IDE. This information helps prepare you to create and work with new REALbasic projects. The first step in creating a new REALbasic application is usually interface design. In this chapter, you receive a thorough introduction to user interface development, including a look at every type of window and control supported by REALbasic. In addition, you develop another REALbasic application, the REALbasic Clock. By the time you complete this chapter, you will have learned How to decide which of REALbasic s 11 windows to use when creating your application s windows How to add, configure, and align REALbasic controls How to use the functionality provided by each of REALbasic s built-in controls How to extend REALbasic functionality by adding plug-ins and ActiveX controls to your applications Building Application Windows A good user interface is critical to any application. If users do not find your application s user interface intuitive and easy to learn, they may give up and move on to another application without ever giving your application a fair chance. Therefore, it is important that your application s user interface be visually appealing, well-organized, and easy to work with. In most cases, your desktop application s user interface is created using one or more windows. A large application may consist of dozens of custom windows, whereas a small application may consist of a single window. By default, REALbasic creates a new blank window, named Window1, as part of each new desktop application. If necessary, you can add as many additional windows as you need. REALbasic supports 11 different types of windows, each of which is designed to fulfill a slightly different purpose.
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PART 2 Learning How to Program with REALbasic PART 2 Learning How to Program with REALbasic
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CHAPTER 2 NAVIGATING THE REALBASIC INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT Figure 2-22. A look at the RBBookFinder browser application in action If an error occurs when REALbasic attempts to compile your application, the odds are you made a typo when keying in the application s code statements. If this is the case, go back and review each of the programming statements you added and fix any typos you find. When you finish, click the Project tab to display the Project Editor. Next, click the App item and assign a value of RBBookFinder to the WindowsAppName property. You are now ready to compile a stand-alone version of the RBBookFinder browser application. Summary Having a solid understanding of how to work with IDE is a requirement for developing REAL- basic applications. In this chapter, you learned the basic steps involved in working with the REALbasic IDE. This included learning how to interact with the Project, Windows, and Code Editors. It also included a review of the Controls and Properties panes. You learned how to access and use REALbasic s integrated Help system. In addition to all this, you learned how to work with and configure REALbasic menus and toolbars, including the Bookmarks bar, Tabs bar, and Editor toolbar. This chapter also provided you with various tips for working more efficiently within the REALbasic IDE, such as using Folder items to improve the organization of project items.
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CHAPTER 2 NAVIGATING THE REALBASIC INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT Next, you need to add program statements for each PushButton control. Begin by drilling down in the tree shown in the browser pane by expanding the Controls branch, followed by the PushButton1 control. Locate the Action event, and then enter the following code statement: HTMLViewer1.LoadURL “http://www.amazon.com” This statement tells REALbasic to load the URL specified in the HTMLViewer1 control. Next, locate the Action event for PushButton2 and enter the following code statement: HTMLViewer1.LoadURL “http://www.bn.com” Locate the Action event for PushButton2 and enter the following code statement: HTMLViewer1.LoadURL “http://www.bamm.com” Next, you need to add a programming statement that executes when the user clicks the PushButton with the Load caption. To do this, locate the Action event for PushButton4 and enter the following code statement: If Instr(EditField1.Text, “http://”) = 0 Then HTMLViewer1.LoadURL “http://” + EditField1.Text Else HTMLViewer1.LoadURL EditField1.Text End If These statements tell REALbasic to load the URL entered into the EditField1 control (for example, the control s Text). If the user does not begin the URL with http://, these statements automatically add it to the beginning of the URL string. Testing Your Application If you have not done so, go ahead and save your application by clicking the File menu and selecting Save. Type RBBookFinder as the name of your application, specify the location where you want to save it, and then click OK. The application is now ready to run. Click the green Run icon located in REALbasic s main toolbar. REALbasic compiles a development version of your application, and then runs your application. Figure 2-22 shows how your applications should look after you start it. You can load any of the three predefined online bookstore websites by clicking the appropriate PushButton. Or, you can enter any other URL you want by typing its address into the EditField control and clicking the PushButton with the Load caption.
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